The 1960-1970's era Tudor goalposts were four inches wide, and that's the standard that is used in most leagues and tournaments. The goalpost crossbar is 1 7/8 inches from the field, so a kick is no good if it's below that. In MFCA tournaments, field goals are performed by the kicker lined up 7 yards behind the line of scrimmage, with no defense, and the board off. The longest allowable field goal is identical to the NFL record: 64 yards. Other leagues may have different rules.
Most leagues and tournaments offer automatic extra points, unless the offense chooses to try for a 2-point conversion.
There are some creative ideas to help determine whether a field goal is good or not. A simple 4-inch wide board is the usual field goal target. I've seen a large poster board with a 4-inch wide cutout as the target.
My contribution to the hobby is the discovery that certain brands of scotch, such as Lagavulin, come in 4-inch boxes. :-) I think my field goal target is the coolest.